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Edward Lawrence Levy (c1826 - 20 October 1892) was a Victorian solicitor convicted of forgery, fraud and perjury. Along with two of his sons, he was the subject of an entire editorial article in The Times in 1882, which summarized their "organized system of fraud and perjury".〔The Times, Editorial, 11 December 1882, page 9.〕 He went to prison three times and died in Wormwood Scrubs five months into his third sentence.〔Ward, R.D. (2013). Wealth and Notoriety: the extraordinary families of William Levy and Charles Lewis of London, pages 61-74. ISBN 978-1-291-33477-7. http://copac.ac.uk/search?isn=9781291334777&rn=1〕 Levy was the eldest child of Lawrence Levy (c1803-1873) and Rebecca Jacobs (c1804-1874). His father was a sheriff's officer, bill discounter, wine merchant and owner and manager of theatres.〔 Levy qualified as a solicitor in 1848 after serving as an articled clerk to his uncle, Charles Lewis (c1801-1864).〔Court of King's Bench: Plea Side: Affidavits of Due Execution of Articles of Clerkship, Series I, II, III (KB 105-107). The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey.〕〔Registers of Articles of Clerkship and Affidavits of Due Execution (CP 71). The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey.〕〔Solicitors UK Articles of Clerkship records: Ancestry.com〕 He married his first cousin, Charlotte Levy (1828-1891), at the Great Synagogue, London, on 28 August 1850.〔The Times, 31 August 1850, page 7.〕 Levy initially practised with his brother, David Lawrence Levy, but the partnership ended when David left for Australia (later to become a prominent Sydney solicitor) and Levy was made bankrupt.〔〔The Times 26 March 1852, page 7.〕〔The London Gazette 2 April 1852, page 985.〕 In 1864, Levy's uncle, Charles Lewis, under whom he had served as an articled clerk, unsuccessfully attempted to have him struck off the Rolls of Court for unprofessional practices relating to costs and witnesses' expenses.〔The Solicitors’ Journal and Reporter, 23 January 1864, pages 223-224.〕〔The Solicitors’ Journal and Reporter, 30 January 1864, page 243.〕〔The Solicitors’ Journal and Reporter 30 April 1864, page 505.〕 In 1866, a warrant was issued for Levy's arrest for forging a bill of exchange, but he went abroad and the police were unable to find him until 1870 when he was discovered living in Liverpool under the assumed name of Edward Lingden. He was tried for deception and forgery at the Old Bailey in July 1870, but acquitted on the ground that the jury believed he had sufficient authority to use the name of the drawer of the bill.〔Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 11 July 1870, pages 234-236; http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-582-18700711&div=t18700711-582#highlight (accessed 22 April 2013).〕〔The Times, 7 July 1870 page 11.〕 In 1875, the Court of Queen's Bench, considered a report detailing further malpractices with witnesses, fees and other matters by Levy and two co-conspirators. For example, in one case involving a compensation claim from a railway company, they recovered £600 in costs and damages, but paid out only half of this to their client. The report made clear that Levy was the main person behind these schemes and he was struck off the Rolls of Court.〔In the matter of E L Levy, an Attorney, Court of Queen’s Bench, 26 April 1875.〕〔'Misconduct of an Attorney', The Bristol Mercury, 1 May 1875.〕 Also in 1875, Levy was accused of bribing witnesses to commit perjury in an injury compensation claim against the London General Omnibus Company, but he again escaped conviction.〔The Morning Post, 2 March 1874, page 7〕〔The Times, 6 May 1875, page 11.〕 A further unsuccessful attempt to prosecute Levy for perjury was made in 1876 by a solicitor called James Grayson. Grayson had to plead guilty to unlawfully publishing a libel upon Levy.〔Proceedings of the Old Bailey 18 September 1876, page 3; http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=t18760918-name-13&div=t18760918-382#highlight (accessed 22 April 2013).〕〔The Times 19 September 1876, page 9.〕 Levy then found himself a position as clerk to a solicitor called Fisher, who left him almost entirely in charge of running his practice. In April and May 1879, Levy was again tried twice for deception and forgery at the Old Bailey. In the first trial, he was accused of endorsing a cheque for £121, recovered from a debtor on behalf of a client, into his own personal account. Levy was acquitted when he produced a document which appeared to authorize him to sign the name of the client. In the second trial he was accused of a similar act of forgery relating to a cheque for £29 for different client. This time he was found guilty and sentenced to eighteen months' hard labour.〔Proceedings of the Old Bailey 29 April 1879, pages 68-93; http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-495-18790428&div=t18790428-495#highlight (accessed 22 April 2013).〕〔Proceedings of the Old Bailey 29 May 1879, pages 193-203; http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-562-18790526&div=t18790526-562#highlight (accessed 22 April 2013).〕〔The Times, 30 May 1879, page 11.〕〔The Times 31 May 1879, page 13.〕 After his release, Levy was again charged at the Old Bailey in December 1882, along with his sons Daniel and Henry, for conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Levy had found another complicit solicitor, Micklethwaite, who again allowed him to carry out his own business in the firm's name. In essence they had been acting as injury lawyers representing individuals claiming compensation from railway and tram companies for accident injuries. They supplied supporting false witnesses who had been paid and tutored to commit perjury. Two other collaborators called Kingswell and Brown helped concoct the stories and sought out suitable accident cases. The Levys and their collaborators were found guilty. Edward Lawrence Levy and Kingswell each received five years' penal servitude, Brown two years' hard labour, and Daniel and Henry Levy each eighteen months' hard labour.〔Proceedings of the Old Bailey 5–8 December 1882; p116-144; http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?div=t18821120-70 (accessed 22 April 2013).〕〔The Times 6 December 1882, page 12.〕〔The Times, 7 December 1882; page 10.〕〔The Times, 8 December 1882, page 5.〕 The Times considered the Levys' "organized system of fraud and perjury" at length in an editorial/leader article of 22 December 1882,〔 implying they must have been involved in many other similar cases that had not come to light, and suggesting that the sentences handed to Levy and his sons were unduly lenient. Levy was tried yet again at the Old Bailey in May, 1892, under the name of Edward Lewis, and received a third prison sentence for receiving stolen goods. He had set up a business lending small sums of money, and had induced a young debtor named Brett to steal furnishing materials from his employer in order to meet his repayments. It was said the furnishings were for Levy's own use because his household effects were badly in need of refurbishment. Levy was sentenced to a further five years' penal servitude.〔Proceedings of the Old Bailey 25 May 1892, pages 869-879; http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def2-567-18920523&div=t18920523-567#highlight (accessed 22 April 2013).〕〔The Times 27 May 1892, page 12.〕 He died in Wormwood Scrubs just five months later, on 20 October 1892, leaving £275.〔England and Wales Probate Calendar: index of wills and administrations.〕 Levy began his career as a qualified solicitor from a wealthy and privileged background. He became a lender of thousands of pounds and swindler of hundreds. At the end of his life he had sunk to lending small sums of just a few pounds, preying on the young and naive, and receiving stolen goods of low value which he needed because of his own reduced circumstances.〔 == References == * * * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Lawrence Levy (fraudster)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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